Biomedical Research and Theory Letters
type: channel
description: Biomedical Research and Theory Letters (BRTL) is an international peer‑reviewed journal dedicated to advancing the frontiers of biomedical science through the integration of theory, experimentation, and clinical application. The journal provides a platform for disseminating high‑quality research that bridges fundamental discoveries in the laboratory with translational and clinical practices, while also encouraging theoretical contributions that enrich the conceptual foundations of biomedical knowledge. By fostering dialogue between empirical research and theoretical frameworks, BRTL seeks to promote innovation, methodological rigor, and interdisciplinary collaboration across the biomedical sciences
publisher: CV. FOUNDAE
language: en
publication name: Biomedical Research and Theory Letters
issn: 3123-6006
items: Holistic Management of Dyslipidemia in a Geriatric Patient with Comorbid Hypertension and History of Hyperuricemia Following Lower Extremity Trauma
items: Holistic Primary Care–Based Management of Typhoid Fever in a Toddler from a Resource-Limited Community Setting
items: Clinical Management and Lifestyle Intervention for Hypertension in an Elderly Patient at a Primary Health Care Facility in Indonesia
items: Acute Non-Erosive Gastritis Associated with Irregular Dietary Habits and Psychological Stress in a Young Adult
items: Clinical Identification and Management of Hypertension in a Primary Care Setting at Segala Mider Public Health Center
items: Effective Hydration-Centered Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in a 13-Year-Old Patient: Insights from Primary Care Practice
items: Integrated Biomedical and Holistic Management of Bilateral Knee Osteoarthritis with Hypertension in a 71-Year-Old Woman: A Case-Based Analysis
items: Symptom-Based Management of Chronic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in a Young Adult: A Holistic Therapeutic Approach
items: Integrative Approach to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: Clinical Management and Preventive Strategies
items: Optimizing Glycemic Control through Multidisciplinary Care: A Case of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Foot Ulceration
items: Integrating Gastrointestinal and Dental Management in Analgesic-Associated Dyspepsia
items: Scabies Transmission and Therapeutic Outcomes in a Primary Care Setting in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
items: Clinical Features and Therapeutic Approach of Varicella Zoster in a Pediatric Patient at Way Laga Health Center, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia

Holistic Management of Dyslipidemia in a Geriatric Patient with Comorbid Hypertension and History of Hyperuricemia Following Lower Extremity Trauma
type: item
description: Dyslipidemia is a major metabolic disorder and a key risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), particularly in the geriatric population. Elderly patients frequently present with multiple comorbidities, such as hypertension and hyperuricemia, which complicate clinical management and substantially increase cardiovascular risk. Moreover, acute conditions, including trauma-related injuries, may further disrupt metabolic control, functional capacity, and adherence to long-term therapy. This case report describes a 70-year-old male patient (RE) who presented to a primary healthcare center with swelling and intermittent pain in the right lower extremity following a fall. The patient had a known history of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperuricemia. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated total cholesterol (242 mg/dL), borderline fasting plasma glucose (102 mg/dL), and uric acid level of 6.6 mg/dL. Physical examination was unremarkable except for edema and localized tenderness in the affected limb, consistent with a soft tissue injury. A holistic management approach was implemented, integrating pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Statin therapy was initiated to address dyslipidemia, antihypertensive treatment was optimized, and analgesic therapy combined with limb elevation was provided to manage acute pain and edema. Non-pharmacological strategies included comprehensive lifestyle modification, encompassing dietary counseling (low saturated fat, low salt, and low purine diet), gradual resumption of physical activity following injury recovery, and structured patient–family education to improve adherence and prevent recurrent falls. Follow-up evaluation demonstrated clinical improvement, including resolution of edema, improved functional mobility, and better metabolic control. The novelty of this case lies in demonstrating how acute trauma in geriatric patients can act as a critical entry point for integrated chronic disease man…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: dyslipidemia
  topic: keywords
subject: geriatric
  topic: keywords
subject: hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: hyperuricemia
  topic: keywords
subject: holistic management
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Hatta
creator: Agustina Hadjar
creator: Muhammad Iqbal Pratama
creator: Muhammad Irham Fadil Al Muhsin
creator: Muhammad Yusuf Al Afif
creator: Muhammad Zaidan Afkar
creator: Mutiara Salsabila
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Hatta, Agustina Hadjar, Muhammad Iqbal Pratama, Muhammad Irham Fadil Al Muhsin, Muhammad Yusuf Al Afif, Muhammad Zaidan Afkar, Mutiara Salsabila (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-04-05
publication date: 2026-04-05
starting page: 12
ending page: 17
doi: 10.58524/brtl.v2i1.84

Holistic Primary Care–Based Management of Typhoid Fever in a Toddler from a Resource-Limited Community Setting
type: item
description: Typhoid fever remains a significant public health challenge in many low- and middle-income countries, including Indonesia, where inadequate sanitation, limited access to clean water, and suboptimal hygiene practices continue to facilitate disease transmission. Although typhoid fever is more commonly reported in school-aged children and adolescents, its occurrence in toddlers poses unique diagnostic and management challenges due to atypical clinical presentations and increased vulnerability to dehydration and complications. Early recognition and comprehensive management at the primary health care level are therefore critical. This study describes the holistic primary care–based management of typhoid fever in a 14-month-old boy presenting to a community health center in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. The patient was brought with a three-day history of persistent fever and a one-week history of watery diarrhea, accompanied by decreased appetite, irritability, and generalized weakness. A holistic diagnostic approach integrating clinical symptoms, physical examination, environmental exposure, and family hygiene practices was applied. Key clinical features included a fever pattern worsening in the late afternoon to evening, prolonged diarrhea, and a coated tongue with erythematous margins, strongly suggestive of typhoid fever in the absence of other focal infections. Management combined pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions tailored to the toddler age group and primary care setting. Pharmacological therapy consisted of first-line antibiotic treatment with cotrimoxazole, antipyretic therapy, zinc supplementation, and oral rehydration therapy to prevent dehydration. Non-pharmacological interventions emphasized continued breastfeeding, adequate fluid intake, safe food preparation, access to clean drinking water, and strict hand hygiene practices within the household. Family members were actively involved in the care process to ensure adherence to treatment and im…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: typhoid fever
  topic: keywords
subject: toddlers
  topic: keywords
subject: salmonella typhi
  topic: keywords
subject: sanitation
  topic: keywords
subject: holistic diagnosis
  topic: keywords
creator: Zaleha Ulfa
creator: Putri Nabila Febrianti
creator: Putri Novita Sari
creator: Rahmawati Sari
creator: Ratna Gumilang Sari
creator: Rahmi Rahmawati
creator: Manmeet Kaur
creator: Alok Shukla
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Zaleha Ulfa, Putri Nabila Febrianti, Putri Novita Sari, Rahmawati Sari, Ratna Gumilang Sari, Rahmi Rahmawati, Manmeet Kaur, Alok Shukla (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
starting page: 06
ending page: 11
doi: 10.58524/brtl.v2i1.83

Clinical Management and Lifestyle Intervention for Hypertension in an Elderly Patient at a Primary Health Care Facility in Indonesia
type: item
description: Hypertension remains one of the most prevalent chronic non-communicable diseases worldwide and constitutes a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly among elderly populations. Despite the availability of effective antihypertensive therapies, blood pressure control remains suboptimal in many patients due to delayed diagnosis, inadequate treatment adherence, and unhealthy lifestyle practices. Primary health care facilities play a critical role in the early detection, management, and long-term monitoring of hypertension, especially in low- and middle-income settings. This study describes the clinical management and outcomes of an elderly patient with poorly controlled hypertension treated at a community-based primary health care center in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. A 70-year-old woman presented with persistent headaches, dizziness, and fatigue lasting for approximately two weeks. Initial clinical assessment revealed elevated blood pressure of 170/90 mmHg. The patient had a five-year history of hypertension but reported inconsistent use of antihypertensive medication and suboptimal lifestyle behaviors, including frequent caffeine consumption and limited physical activity. Management involved pharmacological therapy using amlodipine at a daily dose of 5 mg, combined with comprehensive non-pharmacological interventions. The patient received individualized counseling focused on lifestyle modification, including dietary salt restriction, reduction of caffeine intake, encouragement of regular physical activity, and routine blood pressure monitoring. Emphasis was also placed on improving medication adherence through patient education and follow-up support. At a two-week follow-up evaluation, the patient demonstrated a clinically meaningful reduction in blood pressure to 150/80 mmHg, accompanied by a marked improvement in reported symptoms. Additionally, the patient showed enhanced understanding of hypertension management and greater adherenc…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: primary health care
  topic: keywords
subject: elderly population
  topic: keywords
subject: lifestyle modification
  topic: keywords
subject: antihypertensive therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: medication adherence
  topic: keywords
creator: Festy Ladyani
creator: Susi
creator: Yustira Mayasari
creator: Welvin Kurniawan Susanto
creator: Widi Anggaraini
creator: Widya Karina Sari
creator: Wijihan Rusi Nur Aulia
creator: Windy Septrihani
creator: Mikael Syväjärvi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Festy Ladyani, Susi, Yustira Mayasari, Welvin Kurniawan Susanto, Widi Anggaraini, Widya Karina Sari, Wijihan Rusi Nur Aulia, Windy Septrihani, Mikael Syväjärvi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
date: 2026-02-13
publication date: 2026-02-13
starting page: 01
ending page: 05
doi: 10.58524/brtl.v2i1.82

Acute Non-Erosive Gastritis Associated with Irregular Dietary Habits and Psychological Stress in a Young Adult
type: item
description: Acute gastritis is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by sudden inflammation of the gastric mucosa, frequently associated with dietary irritation, psychological stress, and dysregulation of gastric acid secretion. Although generally considered a benign and self-limiting condition, acute gastritis may significantly impair daily functioning, particularly among young adults with irregular lifestyles. This article describes the clinical course and holistic management of acute non-erosive gastritis in a young adult, emphasizing the contribution of modifiable behavioral and psychosocial factors. A 24-year-old woman presented to a primary healthcare facility with a four-day history of epigastric burning and pressing pain, aggravated by delayed meals and the consumption of spicy and acidic foods. The patient reported irregular eating patterns and considerable academic- and work-related psychological stress. There was no history of NSAID use, alcohol consumption, smoking, or previous gastrointestinal disease. Clinical assessment was conducted through structured history taking, comprehensive physical examination, and anthropometric measurement. No laboratory or endoscopic investigations were initially performed due to the absence of alarm features. The diagnosis of acute non-erosive gastritis was established based on clinical criteria. Management consisted of an integrated approach combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Pharmacological therapy included omeprazole 20 mg once daily to suppress gastric acid secretion and antacids administered as needed for symptomatic relief. Non-pharmacological management focused on patient and family education regarding gastric-friendly dietary patterns, regular meal timing, avoidance of trigger foods and beverages, and stress management strategies. Follow-up evaluation was planned to monitor symptom resolution and determine the need for further diagnostic investigations, including Helicobacter pylori te…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: acute gastritis
  topic: keywords
subject: epigastric pain
  topic: keywords
subject: irregular dietary habits
  topic: keywords
subject: psychological stress
  topic: keywords
subject: proton pump inhibitor
  topic: keywords
subject: holistic management
  topic: keywords
creator: Rinto Hardiarto
creator: Athifah Dewi Ghinaa Yusriyyah
creator: Audry Rizki Hasanah
creator: Aufa Nabila Rahmalya
creator: Azzelia Zaskia Alifah
creator: Belinda Dewi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rinto Hardiarto, Athifah Dewi Ghinaa Yusriyyah, Audry Rizki Hasanah, Aufa Nabila Rahmalya, Azzelia Zaskia Alifah, Belinda Dewi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 42
ending page: 46
doi: 10.58524/brtl.v1i2.81

Clinical Identification and Management of Hypertension in a Primary Care Setting at Segala Mider Public Health Center
type: item
description: Hypertension remains a major global health challenge and a leading contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Its asymptomatic nature causes many individuals to remain undiagnosed, increasing the risk of severe complications such as stroke, coronary artery disease, and renal impairment. Despite advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, hypertension awareness and treatment adherence remain low, particularly in primary care settings where early detection is crucial. This study describes the clinical identification and management process of a hypertensive adult patient at Segala Mider Public Health Center as an illustration of the essential role of primary healthcare services in improving hypertension control at the community level. Clinical data were collected through patient interviews, vital sign assessment, physical examination, and review of medical records. The patient, a 42-year-old male, presented with recurrent dizziness triggered by physical activity and consumption of sweet foods. Initial evaluation showed severely elevated blood pressure at 164/122 mmHg with otherwise normal cardiopulmonary findings. The patient had previously been taking amlodipine 5 mg daily with suboptimal response. Management involved titration of amlodipine to 10 mg daily for 15 days, accompanied by short-term furosemide therapy and vitamin B complex supplementation. The intervention produced symptomatic improvement and facilitated better blood pressure control during follow-up. The findings highlight the importance of timely recognition of uncontrolled hypertension, appropriate pharmacological adjustment, and continuous monitoring. This report emphasizes the relevance of primary care in initiating evidence-based treatment, identifying modifiable risk factors, and ensuring patient education regarding lifestyle modification. The novelty of this study lies in demonstrating how structured evaluation and treatment optimization in a resource-limited primary care set…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: primary care
  topic: keywords
subject: blood pressure management
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical identification
  topic: keywords
subject: cardiovascular risk
  topic: keywords
creator: Nita Sahara
creator: Destriana Hasan
creator: A Fatwa Alwaliu
creator: Achmad Farhan
creator: Adelia Putri Sardi
creator: Adis Adelia
creator: Ady Wahyu Pratama
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nita Sahara, Destriana Hasan, A Fatwa Alwaliu, Achmad Farhan, Adelia Putri Sardi, Adis Adelia, Ady Wahyu Pratama (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 38
ending page: 41
doi: 10.58524/brtl.v1i2.79

Effective Hydration-Centered Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in a 13-Year-Old Patient: Insights from Primary Care Practice
type: item
description: Acute gastroenteritis remains one of the most common acute conditions in children and adolescents, frequently leading to dehydration and requiring prompt clinical assessment to prevent further complications. Although management guidelines are well established, variability in presentation and progression highlights the importance of individualized and holistic diagnostic approaches in primary care. This report describes a case involving a 13-year-old male who presented with severe gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea exceeding ten episodes per day over three consecutive days, more than five episodes of vomiting, abdominal pain, fever, and generalized weakness. Clinical examination demonstrated a weakened overall condition, blood pressure of 100/70 mmHg, pulse 85 beats per minute, respiratory rate 20 breaths per minute, temperature 36.7°C, and signs consistent with mild to moderate dehydration. Laboratory evaluation revealed slightly decreased leukocyte levels, suggesting a likely viral etiology. The management in this case reflects the methodological core of the intervention: a holistic, stepwise approach integrating intravenous rehydration, symptomatic therapy, and adaptive pharmaceutical adjustments based on evolving clinical features. The patient was administered Ringer’s Lactate intravenously through a loading dose followed by controlled infusion at 25 drops per minute. Antiemetic therapy with ondansetron, antipyretics, antacids, attapulgite, and oral rehydration solution were provided initially. On the second day, antibiotics and ranitidine were introduced in response to persistent gastrointestinal complaints and to prevent potential secondary complications. The results demonstrated clear clinical improvement within 72 hours, marked by decreased diarrhea frequency, cessation of vomiting, and normalization of vital signs (blood pressure 100/65 mmHg; pulse 80 beats per minute). Hydration status returned to normal, and no complications or referral indicati…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: acute gastroenteritis
  topic: keywords
subject: dehydration management
  topic: keywords
subject: pediatric case
  topic: keywords
subject: holistic assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: rehydration therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: primary care
  topic: keywords
creator: Nia Triswanti
creator: Dian Vitria
creator: Syalwa Lutfhi Rahmadini
creator: Shafa Annisa Rembulan E. K
creator: Shevani Adelia
creator: Silviatara Putri Maharani
creator: Siti Aisyah
creator: Siti Rahayu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nia Triswanti, Dian Vitria, Syalwa Lutfhi Rahmadini, Shafa Annisa Rembulan E. K, Shevani Adelia, Silviatara Putri Maharani, Siti Aisyah, Siti Rahayu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 33
ending page: 37
doi: 10.58524/brtl.v1i2.74

Integrated Biomedical and Holistic Management of Bilateral Knee Osteoarthritis with Hypertension in a 71-Year-Old Woman: A Case-Based Analysis
type: item
description: Bilateral knee osteoarthritis is a progressive degenerative joint condition frequently observed in the elderly and often complicated by comorbid hypertension, which can exacerbate systemic inflammation and impair functional outcomes. This case report presents a 71-year-old woman with acute worsening of bilateral knee pain and restricted flexion over three days, accompanied by neck discomfort. Her medical history included longstanding hypertension and a positive maternal family history of the same condition. A holistic, family-medicine–based assessment revealed interacting biomedical factors (pain, limited mobility, elevated blood pressure), psychological concerns related to fear of functional decline, adequate family and social support, and environmental-behavioral contributors affecting daily activities. The patient underwent integrated management consisting of patient education, lifestyle modification, joint-protective behavior counseling, and tailored low-intensity physical exercise. Pharmacological therapy included sodium diclofenac 50 mg, amlodipine 5 mg, dexamethasone 0.5 mg, and pyridoxine HCl. Follow-up evaluation demonstrated reduced pain intensity, improved knee mobility, better hypertension control, and enhanced disease understanding, indicating positive response to combined biomedical and holistic interventions. This report aims to document the identification, management, and clinical progression of bilateral knee osteoarthritis with comorbid hypertension using a structured family medicine approach. A literature review indicates that osteoarthritis progression in the elderly is commonly influenced not only by degenerative aging processes and obesity but also by comorbidities such as hypertension, which may worsen joint microcirculation, increase inflammatory mediators, and accelerate cartilage degradation. The novelty of this report lies in the integration of a comprehensive holistic assessment encompassing biomedical, psychological, social, and behavior…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: bilateral knee osteoarthritis
  topic: keywords
subject: hypertension comorbidity
  topic: keywords
subject: holistic assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: family medicine approach
  topic: keywords
subject: elderly patient care
  topic: keywords
subject: integrated management
  topic: keywords
creator: Yessi Nurmalasari
creator: Famela Mutiarasari
creator: Faradillah Puspitasari
creator: Fauziatus Sabila
creator: Fernando Hoky Saputra
creator: Feni Fadila
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yessi Nurmalasari, Famela Mutiarasari, Faradillah Puspitasari, Fauziatus Sabila, Fernando Hoky Saputra, Feni Fadila (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 28
ending page: 32
doi: 10.58524/brtl.v1i2.73

Symptom-Based Management of Chronic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in a Young Adult: A Holistic Therapeutic Approach
type: item
description: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder resulting from the retrograde movement of gastric contents into the esophagus, often due to lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction. It is characterized by hallmark symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, epigastric pain, and may also present with extra-esophageal manifestations including chronic cough, hoarseness, or dental erosion. GERD significantly affects quality of life and, if left untreated, may lead to complications such as esophagitis, strictures, or Barrett’s esophagus. This case report presents a 21-year-old female with a history of recurrent GERD symptoms since childhood. She presented with complaints of persistent epigastric pain, nausea, and a burning sensation in the chest, particularly after meals. Physical examination revealed epigastric tenderness and clinical signs suggestive of anemia, including pallor and fatigue. A detailed clinical history and symptom pattern strongly supported a diagnosis of GERD. Given the classic presentation and absence of alarm features, a non-invasive, symptom-based diagnostic approach was adopted, avoiding the need for endoscopy or pH monitoring. The patient was managed with a combination of pharmacological therapy omeprazole (a proton pump inhibitor), antacids for symptomatic relief, paracetamol for pain management, and vitamin B6 to address nutritional deficiencies. Additionally, lifestyle modifications were emphasized, including dietary regulation, avoidance of trigger foods (such as spicy and acidic items), elevation of the head during sleep, and meal timing adjustments. Within one week of initiating treatment, the patient reported significant improvement in symptoms, with reduced frequency and intensity of heartburn and nausea. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and comprehensive management of GERD, especially in young adults with a chronic history of symptoms. It underscores the effectiveness of combining pharmac…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: gastroesophageal reflux disease
  topic: keywords
subject: non-invasive diagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: proton pump inhibitor
  topic: keywords
subject: lifestyle modification
  topic: keywords
subject: symptom-based management
  topic: keywords
subject: young adult
  topic: keywords
creator: Rhomy Leokrisnha
creator: Anggunan
creator: M Raihan Raid Ijlal
creator: Maisa Aqila Fazilatun Nisa
creator: Marisha Alsahda Hr
creator: Mely Shanrina Br Regar
creator: Mentari Kusuma Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Rhomy Leokrisnha, Anggunan, M Raihan Raid Ijlal, Maisa Aqila Fazilatun Nisa, Marisha Alsahda Hr, Mely Shanrina Br Regar, Mentari Kusuma Putri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 23
ending page: 27
doi: 10.58524/brtl.v1i2.72

Integrative Approach to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: Clinical Management and Preventive Strategies
type: item
description: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a viral disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, presenting with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild fever to severe complications such as bleeding and shock. This case report describes a 12-year-old patient who presented to the Satellite Inpatient Health Center Bandar Lampung with a three-day history of high fever, headache, joint pain, skin rash, and nausea, accompanied by a positive history of mosquito bites in a dengue-endemic area. A holistic diagnostic approach was applied, including clinical history, physical examination, and symptomatic assessment. The patient was managed with fluid therapy consisting of 1500 ml oral fluids within six hours and intravenous infusion of Ringer Lactate solution (500 cc at a rate of 20 drops per minute). Preventive measures included hospitalization for observation, avoidance of mosquito bites through nets and protective clothing, fogging, and environmental sanitation. Pharmacological therapy was prescribed, including paracetamol 500 mg three times daily, ambroxol 30 mg twice daily, vitamin C 500 mg once daily, antacid 30 ml three times daily, intravenous fluids 500 cc at 20 tpm, ranitidine 150 mg twice daily, and domperidone 10 mg twice daily. Physical examination revealed a body temperature of 39°C, petechial rash, and joint tenderness, while other parameters were within normal limits. The patient reported no history of vomiting, smoking, or alcohol consumption. Following intervention, fever and pain subsided, skin rash improved, and overall clinical condition stabilized. Preventive measures were effective in reducing mosquito exposure, while supportive therapy minimized the risk of complications. This case confirms that Aedes aegypti mosquito bites caused dengue virus infection in the patient, and demonstrates that a holistic management strategy combining pharmacological therapy, fluid replacement, preventive measures, and psychosocial support can effectively r…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: dengue hemorrhagic fever
  topic: keywords
subject: aedes aegypti
  topic: keywords
subject: holistic management
  topic: keywords
subject: pediatric patient
  topic: keywords
subject: integrative therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: preventive strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Tria Yune
creator: Ovi Hawila
creator: Pradita Dwi
creator: Puteri Aulia
creator: Putri Azizah
creator: Putri Binta
creator: Endah Kinarya Palupi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Tria Yune, Ovi Hawila, Pradita Dwi, Puteri Aulia, Putri Azizah, Putri Binta, Endah Kinarya Palupi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 18
ending page: 22
doi: 10.58524/brtl.v1i1.71

Optimizing Glycemic Control through Multidisciplinary Care: A Case of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Foot Ulceration
type: item
description: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin secretion or resistance, which frequently remains undiagnosed until complications develop, and persistent hyperglycemia contributes to multisystem damage, particularly involving vascular, neural, renal, and integumentary systems, with major risk factors including family history, obesity, unhealthy dietary patterns, and physical inactivity; in this context, a 63-year-old woman presented with blistering lesions on the left hallux accompanied by swelling, pain, and paresthesia, with a medical history of hypertension, irregular eating habits, insufficient physical activity, and a familial predisposition to diabetes, while physical examination revealed a body mass index of 26.84 kg/m² with stable vital signs, and random blood glucose was 328 mg/dL, confirming severe hyperglycemia and establishing the diagnosis of T2DM, for which management encompassed pharmacological therapy (metformin, glimepiride, amlodipine, antibiotics, analgesics), patient education, psychosocial support, and lifestyle modification, and following comprehensive intervention the patient demonstrated improved disease awareness, enhanced family support, and better adherence to lifestyle changes, with outcomes emphasizing stabilization of glycemic levels, prevention of further complications, and improvement in overall quality of life, thereby underscoring the significance of a multidisciplinary approach in T2DM management that integrates medical therapy, education, psychosocial support, and behavioral as well as environmental modifications, and highlighting that such comprehensive strategies are essential to achieve optimal glycemic control and reduce the risk of long-term complications, while also illustrating the clinical relevance of early detection and holistic intervention in patients with diabetes who present with foot lesions, since these manifestations often indicate advanced disease progression and …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: type 2 diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
subject: hyperglycemia
  topic: keywords
subject: multidisciplinary care
  topic: keywords
subject: foot ulceration
  topic: keywords
subject: lifestyle modification
  topic: keywords
subject: psychosocial support
  topic: keywords
creator: Akhmad Kheru
creator: Novi Amin Juraini
creator: Khaula Azzahra Muslihah Dien
creator: Kirana Dwi Rahayu
creator: Komang Angel Ayudya
creator: Laeli Resti Oktapiani
creator: Lattifah Anggun
creator: Yuri Nurdiantami
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Akhmad Kheru, Novi Amin Juraini, Khaula Azzahra Muslihah Dien, Kirana Dwi Rahayu, Komang Angel Ayudya, Laeli Resti Oktapiani, Lattifah Anggun, Yuri Nurdiantami (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 14
ending page: 17
doi: 10.58524/brtl.v1i1.68

Integrating Gastrointestinal and Dental Management in Analgesic-Associated Dyspepsia
type: item
description: Dyspepsia is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that manifests as epigastric pain, nausea, bloating, postprandial discomfort, and burning sensations in the upper abdomen, often triggered by irregular eating patterns, stress, or the consumption of irritant foods and beverages such as coffee, spicy meals, and fatty products, but it can also be induced by prolonged use of non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In Indonesia, self‑medication with analgesics remains widespread, yet its impact on dyspepsia in primary care settings is rarely documented, making this study relevant to highlight the clinical features and therapeutic management of drug‑induced dyspepsia. A 39‑year‑old woman presented to Way Halim II Primary Health Center in Bandar Lampung with persistent nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, bloating, and retrosternal burning after consuming sodium diclofenac daily for three months to relieve untreated dental pain, combined with frequent coffee intake. Endoscopic and laboratory findings were normal, while dental radiography revealed an impacted molar, indicating the underlying source of chronic analgesic use. Clinical data were obtained through anamnesis, physical examination, laboratory evaluation, and imaging, and management consisted of proton pump inhibitor therapy (omeprazole 20 mg), prokinetic agents (domperidone 10 mg), and lifestyle modification, including avoidance of dietary triggers. The patient was advised to undergo dental extraction to eliminate the primary cause of analgesic dependence but declined due to procedural anxiety. Following therapy, symptoms improved significantly, with reduced nausea and epigastric discomfort, demonstrating the effectiveness of pharmacological intervention combined with behavioral modification. This study emphasizes the novelty of identifying dyspepsia linked to prolonged unsupervised NSAID use in a primary care context, underscoring the importance of early recognition of drug‑induced gastrointestinal disorde…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: dyspepsia
  topic: keywords
subject: nsaid-induced gastric symptoms
  topic: keywords
subject: analgesic overuse
  topic: keywords
subject: eating behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: proton pump inhibitor therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: functional gastrointestinal disorder
  topic: keywords
creator: Festy Ladyani
creator: Indramayanti Warganegara
creator: Ida Fitriyani
creator: Wiwin Wildaniatul Janah
creator: Yogi Dwi Praja Saputra
creator: Yuli Tri Purnamasari
creator: Zada Damar Pasa
creator: Miftha Nazsiroh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Festy Ladyani, Indramayanti Warganegara, Ida Fitriyani, Wiwin Wildaniatul Janah, Yogi Dwi Praja Saputra, Yuli Tri Purnamasari, Zada Damar Pasa, Miftha Nazsiroh (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 09
ending page: 13
doi: 10.58524/brtl.v1i1.65

Scabies Transmission and Therapeutic Outcomes in a Primary Care Setting in Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
type: item
description: Scabies is a contagious parasitic skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis, characterized by nocturnal pruritus, erythematous papules, and burrows. Transmission occurs readily in households and communities with close contact and poor hygiene. Although scabies is a common public health problem in Indonesia, clinical documentation of household transmission and integrated management strategies in primary care settings remains limited. This study aims to describe the clinical presentation, transmission pathway, and therapeutic management of scabies in a household setting, highlighting the importance of integrated treatment and hygiene measures to prevent reinfestation. A 33‑year‑old male presented to Labuhan Ratu Public Health Center, Bandar Lampung, with severe itching localized to the wrists, interdigital spaces, and genital region. Clinical examination revealed erythematous papules and burrows consistent with scabies. Diagnosis was established clinically based on cardinal signs and a history of close contact with his son, who had similar symptoms. No laboratory investigations were performed. Management included topical 5% permethrin applied according to protocol, oral cetirizine for symptomatic relief, vitamin B complex supplementation, and simultaneous treatment of all family members. Environmental interventions included washing clothes and bed linen with hot water and reinforcing personal hygiene practices. The patient demonstrated clinical improvement following therapy, with resolution of pruritus and regression of lesions. Family members treated simultaneously also showed recovery, and no reinfestation was reported during follow‑up. Vital signs and systemic examinations remained within normal limits, confirming localized disease. This case underscores the ease of household transmission of scabies and the necessity of integrated management strategies in primary care. The novelty of this report lies in emphasizing a holistic approach—combining pharmaco…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: scabies
  topic: keywords
subject: household transmission
  topic: keywords
subject: primary care management
  topic: keywords
subject: permethrin therapy
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subject: personal hygiene intervention
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subject: indonesia public health
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creator: Mira Aprilika
creator: Triski Febrian
creator: Tubagus Dharis Sidqi
creator: Tyan Raga
creator: Vio Salsabila
creator: Wahyu Setianing Budi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mira Aprilika, Triski Febrian, Tubagus Dharis Sidqi, Tyan Raga, Vio Salsabila, Wahyu Setianing Budi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-30
publication date: 2025-04-30
starting page: 05
ending page: 08
doi: 10.58524/brtl.v1i1.64

Clinical Features and Therapeutic Approach of Varicella Zoster in a Pediatric Patient at Way Laga Health Center, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
type: item
description: Varicella, or chickenpox, is an acute infectious disease caused by the Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV), a DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. Despite being generally self-limiting in children, varicella remains a major public health concern due to its high transmissibility and potential complications in vulnerable populations. In Indonesia, the incidence of varicella has increased in recent years, particularly among school-aged children, reflecting gaps in vaccination coverage and heightened community mobility following the COVID-19 pandemic. This research presents the clinical features and therapeutic approach of a pediatric patient with varicella treated at Way Laga Health Center, Bandar Lampung. A 6-year and 11-month-old boy developed fluid-filled lesions that initially appeared on the trunk and subsequently spread to the face, arms, and legs within two days, accompanied by pruritus and mild fever. The patient had no comorbidities or allergies, but a clear history of close contact with a classmate diagnosed with chickenpox was identified as the primary source of infection. Physical examination revealed multiple lesions at different stages of development without secondary bacterial infection, while vital signs remained stable. Therapeutic management included acyclovir, cetirizine syrup, paracetamol, and salicylic powder, combined with non-pharmacological interventions such as hygiene education, avoidance of scratching, adequate hydration, and temporary isolation to prevent transmission. Family-focused counseling emphasized the importance of monitoring for complications and maintaining supportive care. The patient responded favorably, with resolution of fever, reduction of pruritus, and crusting of lesions within one week. This study highlights the critical role of primary health centers in the early identification and management of varicella in pediatric populations. The novelty of this research lies in demonstrating how structured holistic diagnostics, timely ant…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: varicella zoster virus
  topic: keywords
subject: pediatric infection
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical features
  topic: keywords
subject: antiviral therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: primary health care
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subject: family education and prevention.
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creator: Ringgo Alfarisi
creator: Tri Aprilia Aisyah
creator: Tri Marezha Balqis
creator: Tria Zulfadlia
creator: Syifa Syahirah Azzahra
creator: Syerli Saputri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ringgo Alfarisi, Tri Aprilia Aisyah, Tri Marezha Balqis, Tria Zulfadlia, Syifa Syahirah Azzahra, Syerli Saputri (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-08
publication date: 2025-04-08
starting page: 01
ending page: 04
doi: 10.58524/brtl.v1i1.61