Effect of KOH and HCl Activation on Coal Fly Ash and Its Impact on 4-Stroke Motorcycle Engine Performance

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of two chemical activators, potassium hydroxide (KOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), on the activation of coal fly ash and their subsequent impact on the performance of a 4-stroke motorcycle engine. The research aims to assess how activation methods alter the physicochemical properties of coal fly ash and how these changes influence engine performance, fuel efficiency, and emissions. Coal fly ash was activated using KOH and HCl, and its properties were analyzed using techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The activated fly ash was then tested in fuel blends used in a motorcycle engine, measuring torque, power output, specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and exhaust emissions (CO and HC) under varying engine loads and speeds. The results revealed that KOH-activated fly ash significantly improved engine performance, leading to a 15% increase in power output and a 12% reduction in BSFC compared to pure fuel. Additionally, KOH-activated fly ash resulted in a substantial reduction in CO and HC emissions, with better emission control than the HCl-activated fly ash. These findings demonstrate the potential of activated coal fly ash as a sustainable fuel additive that enhances engine performance while reducing harmful emissions, contributing to the waste-to-energy sector. This study provides valuable insights for developing cleaner and more efficient fuel alternatives for the transportation industry, promoting environmental sustainability and resource utilization.