Development and Validation of an Arduino-Based Cooling System Simulator for Enhancing Learning Outcomes in Automotive Engineering Education

Abstract

To develop and validate an Arduino-based cooling system simulator that enhances students’ understanding and learning outcomes in automotive engineering education through hands-on visualization of engine cooling mechanisms. The study applied the 4-D development model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) covering needs analysis, prototype creation, expert validation, and field testing. The simulator featured transparent components and a programmable Arduino controller to visualize real-time coolant flow and temperature changes. Validation involved three media experts, three subject-matter experts, and practicality testing with thirty automotive engineering students. The simulator obtained a validity score of 90% from media experts and 89% from material experts, categorized as highly valid. Practicality testing yielded an 89% score, indicating high practicality and effectiveness for classroom use. The Arduino-based cooling system simulator effectively bridges theoretical and practical learning, improving comprehension and engagement in automotive engineering education. It is recommended for integration into vocational and higher education curricula to promote interactive and experiential learning.