Quantifying erosional dissection in the paleovolcanic complex using DEM-based remnant-surface reconstruction and kriging

Rizqi Prastowo; Ignatius Adi Prabowo

doi:10.58524/cesl.v1i2.197

Authors

Rizqi Prastowo Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Planning, Institut Teknologi Nasional Yogyakarta, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia Author
Ignatius Adi Prabowo Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor 81310, Malaysia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58524/cesl.v1i2.197

Abstract

Quantifying erosional dissection in deeply eroded volcanic landscapes remains challenging because preserved topographic surfaces are spatially fragmented and the original volcanic morphology is poorly constrained. This study develops and evaluates a digital elevation model (DEM)-based approach for reconstructing remnant-surface envelopes and estimating erosion-related topographic volume loss in the Kulon Progo paleovolcanic complex, Indonesia. The Indonesian National Digital Elevation Model (DEMNAS), resampled to 16 m resolution, was analyzed across a 590.8 km² volcanic massif. Potential remnant surfaces were identified using five terrain criteria: relative topographic position, topographic position index, distance from drainage channels, vector ruggedness measure, and surface curvature. Selected surface elevations were aggregated into control points and interpolated using ordinary kriging with a power variogram. Reconstruction performance was evaluated through spatial block cross-validation and comparison with inverse distance weighting (IDW), while alternative surface-selection thresholds were used to assess volume sensitivity. The principal selection criteria identified 51.6 km² of potential remnant surfaces, representing 8.7% of the massif. Kriging achieved a cross-validation root mean square error of 35.6 m (R² = 0.95), representing a 24.6% reduction in RMSE compared with IDW (47.2 m). The reconstructed envelope yielded an estimated eroded volume of 25.7 km³, equivalent to a mean erosion thickness of approximately 43 m and a model-derived denudation ratio of 20.2%. Alternative remnant-selection thresholds produced volume estimates ranging from 14.4 to 43.7 km³, whereas a summit-envelope reconstruction yielded 100.3 km³. Andesitic intrusive units exhibited greater median reconstructed erosion thickness (54 m) than the Kebobutak Formation (25 m), although this contrast cannot be attributed solely to differences in lithological resistance. These findings demonstrate the potential of DEM-based kriging reconstruction for quantifying landscape dissection while emphasizing the sensitivity of estimated erosion volumes to surface-selection criteria and reconstruction assumptions.

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